![]() ![]() Transparent, translucent, and opaque materials can be divided into three categories based on their transparency. Transparency refers to the ability of different materials to allow different amounts of light to pass through them. The choice of material for every product is based on two factors: the material’s properties and the object’s intended use.Ĭertain features of materials are used to classify them, such as: Chalk made of wood or plastic, for example, would be useless because it could not write on the blackboard. As a result, depending on the purpose or application, the material must be chosen accordingly. The characteristics of various materials vary. Materials are the substances that an object is made of or can be constructed of. Metals, ceramics, and plastic are used to make the cooking containers. The furniture we use in our daily lives, for example, is composed of wood. The materials used to create these goods or artefacts are diverse. It has the transparency of glass, but it is really a ceramic material similar to regular Corningware.In our daily lives, we use a lot of goods or objects. The transparent Corningware sold today is made in this manner. Because many little crystals begin to form all at once, none of them can grow very large before they run into one another. The other way to achieve uniformity is to create lots of nucleation sites (the locations where crystals begin to form) in a melted material and then allow it to cool. One way to do this is to press a material under force, as is done all the time with potassium bromide, a compound used for infrared spectroscopy in laboratories. "It is possible to create an artificially uniform material. Solid silicon dioxide (sand), in contrast, has obvious grain boundaries, so it is not transparent. ![]() It has no internal grain boundaries, and hence it looks transparent. "Glass (which consists of silicon dioxide along with a few impurities) is not really a solid it can be more accurately thought of as a supercooled liquid. Each boundary tends to diffuse the light that passes through if the regionsĪre small enough, however, the light waves essentially 'jump' right over them. Of the material is uniform with respect to the light passing through it), then the material willĪppear transparent. Smaller than the shortest wavelength of visible light (in other words, if the refractive index The boundariesīetween these regions are called grain boundaries. "A material that appears homogeneous to the human eye is really made up of minuteĬrystals-regions in which the atoms or molecules follow a regular order. However, can be influenced by how the material is prepared. The absorbance of a solid goes, you pretty much have to take what Nature gives you. ![]() "A material appears transparent when it does not strongly absorb or diffract light. Interim faculty member at Kennesaw State University. Susan Murphree Thomas is a researcher in inorganic chemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology and an Would proceed in the forward direction, preventing transmission." In the direction opposite from which it arrived (reflection), but they interfere with the light that Pure metals reflect lightīut do not transmit it, because they are filled with free electrons. "The electronic structure of solids also explains why metals are shiny. Sand, on the other hand, is also siliconĭioxide, but it is so filled with impurities that light simply scatters outward incoherently and does ![]() Structure, so it cannot absorb light as pure silicon does. Glass, being silicon dioxide-not pure silicon-does not have this band That then move from one electron energy state to another (an occurrence technically known as aīand-to-band transition). There is a very strong absorptive process at work: the incident visible light is absorbed by electrons With transmission, either by absorbing the light or by scattering it in other directions. "Simply stated, a solid material will appear transparent if there are no processes that compete The convoluted combination of reflection and transmission explains why light moves more slowly through solids than through the air or through a vacuum. Light by the electronic structure of the solid. "The propagation of light (or any other form of electromagnetic radiation) through a solid is aĬomplex process that involves not just the passage of the incident light but also reradiation of that ![]()
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